Dungeons & Dragons is a collaborative storytelling game that thrives on creativity, teamwork, and mutual respect. However, like any social activity, it’s not immune to its own set of unique challenges. Problem players can disrupt the game, whether they’re rules lawyers, spotlight hogs, or simply disengaged. Here’s a list of suggestions on how to handle these situations and maintain a positive gaming environment.

Set Clear Expectations

Many issues arise from miscommunication; players may join a campaign thinking they will have a specific experience, while others may expect something wildly different. To alleviate such issues it is best to have a Session Zero at the start of a campaign. This will allow the group to establish clear guidelines for behavior, attendance, and gameplay. 

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Vital topics can be discussed, such as how the group would resolve conflict. How much roleplay or combat can be expected and wanted? This helps to set clear expectations for everyone involved and also to discuss further topics to ensure all doubt is removed. 

Identify the Problem

Before addressing an issue, it’s essential to identify what is causing the disruption. Problem players can manifest in various ways:

• The Rules Lawyer: This player constantly interrupts the game to argue about rules, slowing down play and undermining the DM’s authority.
• The ‘Main Character’: They dominate the game, making it all about their character and leaving little room for others to contribute.
• The Disruptor: This player derails the game with off-topic jokes, distractions, or inappropriate behavior.
• The Disengaged Player: They seem uninterested, frequently miss sessions, or spend the game on their phone.

Communicate Openly and Respectfully

Once you’ve identified the problem, address it directly but with grace. Pull the player aside after a session or during a break to discuss the issue privately. One great technique is to use “I” statements to express how their behavior affects the game. For example:

• “I’ve noticed that there’s been some tension during rules discussions. I want to ensure everyone feels comfortable, so let’s find a way to handle rules questions more smoothly.”
• “I feel like the group dynamic gets thrown off when we go off-topic too often. Can we try to keep the focus on the game?”

This approach can foster a constructive conversation rather than a confrontation.

Encourage Collaboration

Sometimes, problem players simply need guidance on how to contribute positively. Encourage teamwork by designing encounters and storylines that require cooperation. For example:

• Create puzzles that need input from multiple players.
• Introduce NPCs who interact with different characters in meaningful ways.
• Reward players for supporting each other, both in and out of character.

By fostering a collaborative atmosphere, you can help problem players shift their focus from individual behavior to group success.

Adapt Your DMing Style

As a DM, you have the power to shape the game experience. If a player is causing issues, consider whether your approach might contribute to the problem. For example:

• If a rules lawyer disrupts the game, establish a clear policy for handling rules questions (e.g., “We’ll look it up after the session, for now, here is what we are going to do.”).
• If a player is disengaged, try incorporating their character’s backstory or interests into the campaign.
• If a player is hogging the spotlight, create deliberate moments that highlight other characters’ strengths or backstories.

Being flexible and responsive can often resolve issues before they escalate.

Use In-Game Consequences

Sometimes, in-game actions can address out-of-game behavior. For example:

• If a player is being antagonistic, their character might face consequences from NPCs or the rest of the party.
• If a player is disengaged, present them with a unique magic item that is exclusive to them. 

However, be cautious with this approach. In-game consequences should never feel punitive or personal, as this can exacerbate the problem.

Involve the Group

If the issue persists, consider discussing it with the group. Frame the conversation as a way to improve the game for everyone, not as an attack on the problem player. For example:

• “I’ve noticed that some of our sessions have been derailed by side conversations. How can we all work together to stay focused?”
• “I want to make sure everyone feels like they have a chance to shine. What can we do to share the spotlight more evenly?”

This approach encourages collective responsibility and avoids singling out the problem player.

Know When to Walk Away

Despite your best efforts, some players may refuse to change their behavior. In these cases, it’s important to prioritize the group's well-being. If a player is consistently disruptive, disrespectful, or toxic, asking them to leave the game may be necessary. This is never an easy decision, but it’s sometimes the only way to preserve the enjoyment of the rest of the group.

When removing a player, be honest but kind. Explain why their behavior is incompatible with the group’s dynamics and wish them well in finding a game that’s a better fit for them.

Reflect and Learn

After resolving a problem player situation, take time to reflect on what happened and how it was handled. Consider:

• What could have been done differently to prevent the issue?
• How can the group improve its communication and dynamics moving forward?
• What lessons can you take into future campaigns?

Every group is different, and learning from these experiences will make you a better DM and player.

Conclusion

Dealing with problem players in D&D can be challenging, but it’s an essential part of maintaining a healthy and enjoyable gaming environment. By identifying issues early, communicating openly, and fostering a collaborative atmosphere, you can address most problems before they escalate. Remember, the goal of D&D is to have fun and create memorable stories together. Happy adventuring!

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Writer bio

DeAngelo is an award-nominated professional Game Master, writer, and game designer with over 15 years of experience bringing tabletop RPG adventures to life. Recognized by Wizards of the Coast, Renegade Games, and more, he combines dynamic storytelling with immersive gameplay to create unforgettable experiences for players. DeAngelo can be found on Startplaying, which specializes in crafting tales of cosmic horror, vampires, and epic fantasy.

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